What Unfolds in Earth’s Deepest Gypsum Cave?

In Cumbria, hidden beneath sprawling farmland, lies the world’s deepest gypsum mine. While many may not be familiar with the term “gypsum,” it is an essential mineral that we encounter daily in our homes, schools, and offices.

Near Long Marton village in the North Pennines stands a small bungalow—a seemingly inconspicuous structure hinting at what lies beneath. At a depth of 1,000 feet (305 meters), the Birkshead drift mine emerges as an underground labyrinth where gypsum extraction and processing occur.

Shift manager Peter Richardson is well-versed in this subterranean world. “You’ve got to keep your wits about you,” he admits, “but I feel at home down here.” He anticipates a sense of nostalgia when it’s time for retirement.

The mine tunnels are expansive, reaching 30 feet (9 meters) high and wide enough for vehicles like Range Rovers. Dust permeates the air as conveyor belts transport extracted gypsum to processing areas. “With ceilings this high, you hardly feel confined,” remarks one of the workers.

Operating since 1977, Birkshead drift mine has been supplying raw materials for plasterboard production in Kirkby Thore operated by British Gypsum. Modern machinery can cut through gypsum at a rate of 3.3 feet (1 meter) per hour, explains Mr Richardson. “It’s like peeling it off,” he says.

The extraction process involves an air-conditioned cabin where operators monitor the machine via monitors due to the dust-filled environment underground. Conveyor belts transport over thousands of tons of material daily.

Maintaining these conveyors is a significant task, with some stretching up to 3,300 feet (1 kilometer) and doubling in length as they wind back on themselves. Replacing them requires special skills and careful handling to avoid entanglements.

Safety measures are paramount at Birkshead drift mine. Emergency rooms equipped with life support systems offer refuge for staff in case of accidents or emergencies. Mr Richardson describes the importance of these precautions, citing a scenario involving a vehicle fire where thick smoke could obstruct visibility, necessitating strobe lights to guide personnel.

Despite potential hazards, workers feel secure underground at Birkshead drift mine. “The fear factor just isn’t there,” says Peter Richardson. He emphasizes that being aware and cautious minimizes risks.

This unique underground world continues to operate with precision, providing essential materials for everyday construction needs while maintaining the safety of its workforce.